Adults and Children Essay Example for Free

Adults and Children Essay A gated community is a type of residential community that upholds privacy and exclusivity. Residential houses within gated communities are bounded within limited proximities that are bordered by walls, gates, fences, and such. Access or entrance to gated communities is highly restricted not only for pedestrians, but also to various types of transportation as well. Within gated communities, residents are provided with services or amenities that are exclusive only to them. Sometimes, gated communities adapt the concept of larger communities by providing services and amenities that will allow residents to enjoy a comfortable home and lifestyle within the bounds of the area. Large-scale and highly private or exclusive gated communities even provide small to medium sized shopping centers, recreational facilities, food and dining centers, and such that enables residents within it to enjoy daily living tasks and activities comfortable within its proximities. (Blandy Lister, 287) The purpose of establishing gated communities is to provide the community with safe and secure housing opportunities for individuals allowing them to experience a peaceful and relaxed home environment. Security systems established within gated communities for limit access from non-residents ensure individuals that the area is sheltered and guarded from criminal activities. (McGoey) Another objective for the establishment of the concept of gated communities is to allow residents to control or manage the community or environment they live in by granting them the power or authority to supervise roles or activities within it. Gated communities are guarded by appointed security officers, but it is usually managed by a Homeowner’s Association – a group or organization which handles everything that has something to do with living within the gated community. The owners of the properties within the gated community gather and elect leaders who will be in charge of overseeing all needs, problems, concerns, and other issues that might require urgent attention and resolutions. In addition, gated communities also serve as housing facilities that promises to provide residents with the best quality of life by offering unlimited access to fun, entertainment, and privacy. For instance, some large-scale gated communities have golfing areas that are accessible only to residents. Residents are allowed to play within the golfing areas without any limitations. (â€Å"Explore Gated Communities! †) Due to the benefits and advantages of living in gated communities, some discussed previously, it has become a major trend in modern housing. (â€Å"Explore Gated Communities! †) However, although the positive attributes or aspects of gated communities have been discussed, there seems to be some issues raised on its influence or effect to the behavior and lifestyle of adults and children who live within and outside the community. Adults and children who live in and outside gated communities acquire both positive and negative qualities and perspectives from the context or dimensions of walled housing arrangements. The effects of living within gated communities vary from emotional and psychological, to moral and social influences. The remainder of this paper will discuss how the behavior and lifestyle of adults are influenced by the structure of gated communities. In terms of the relationship between adults and children, living within gated communities allows parents and older members of families to feel at ease with the whereabouts of their children within the community. The focus of gated communities on providing safe and secure home environments ensure parents that their children are safe without their close supervision as long as they stay within the confines of the gated community. (Le Goix, 2003) This helps them to focus on other urgent things or concerns as they feel no worries or stress regarding the safety of their children. On the other hand, parents who live outside gated communities feel the worry and stress due to the relocation or concentration of criminal activities outside the walls of gated communities. Since the difference between gated communities and the public is most observable in terms of safety and security measures, the distinction between these two kinds of communities gives way to the unequal division or distribution of criminal activities within the entire community. Criminal activities will converge on areas neighboring non-gated communities. (â€Å"Diagonal Mar – A Gated Community,†) This concern allows parents to feel worried or stressed about the safety of their children leaving them deeply involved with ensuring that they keep them protected at all times.

To Build A Fire Essay -- essays research papers

Sometimes everyone feels like giving up, and the only thing a person can rely on is his will to survive. Giving up is admitting defeat, in every circumstance. In the story by Jack London, To Build a Fire, the main character learns a hard lesson of reality, when he meets his fate. The result came about because of many factors, mainly the man’s lack of psychological perserverance on the journey, as well as the harsh temperature and surroundings. If there was any hope for the man to survive these conditions, it would rely wholey on his persistance and motivation. The man expected his fate after it was too late to change it, weighing all the variables and realizing there was no probable way to escape his prediciment. The man’s fate was ultimately decided by his lack of imagination and carelessness. Beginning the tale, the man is secure in his journey and firmly believes even though he is traveling alone, he will be successful in his pursuit. He discounted the advice from men from Sulphur Creek, who advised it was potentially hazardous to travel alone. He had false confidence in himself. For example, despite the dangerously cold temperatures, he did not take necessary precautions when he built his first crucial fire. Then, when he realized his mistake, he didn’t realize how serious it was until he could not start another effective fire. If the man would have had an additional human to accompany him on his journey, he would have been initially much safer. He showed carelessness ...

Literary Analysis on Screwtape Letters by C.S. Lewis

Literary Analysis: The Screwtape Letters by C. S. Lewis By Agatha Xaris Villa A. Introduction & Rationale It is said that among the major literary genres recognized today, the ‘novel’ is the most accessible to the majority of the readership. However, in terms of stylistic analysis, novels are the most difficult subjects to analyze. However, a trend that has been observed for the bulk of the twentieth-century is that literary criticism conducted on the genre of narrative texts (i. e. novels) have primarily focused on narrative point of view (Short, 1996, pg. 56) and this is not without cause. Among the literary genres, the novel, prototypically, has the most complex narrative discourse structure. In contrast to the prototypical poem and play, the novel has at least three levels of discourse –the author-reader, character-character level, and the narrator-narratee level (Short, 1996, pg. 256-257). The complexity of the novel’s discourse structure is why it has the most number of viewpoints and why it is believed to be the most ideal literary form in which to study viewpoint (Short, 1996, pg. 257)In light of this premise, I shall be attempting to objectively conduct a literary analysis on an extract taken from The Screwtape Letters (1942), the popular satire written by C. S. Lewis with a focus on point of view. When I first read The Screwtape Letters, one of the aspects which I found most refreshingly original and creative about the text was the way in which this age-old story of â€Å"good VS evil† was presented by the author. While there are certainly other creative aspect in the text, C. S. Lewis’ creative manipulation of viewpoint is what I believe provides readers with that distinct sense of creativity and originality.To support this thesis, I will be exploring viewpoint from both macro-level (describing the general discourse relations in the novel) and micro-level (giving an account of the linguistic indicators of view point that show how the author manipulates viewpoint through smaller-scale linguistic choices). B. Basic Information about the Story The Screwtape Letters is what is known as an epistolary novel –a narrative that is told through a series of documents (usually journal entries or letters) from the pen of one or more characters from the story.A characteristic of such types of novels is its ability to provide a very intimate and in-depth view of the writers giving the story a good dose of realness. In all, The Screwtape Letters is comprised of a series of 31 letters written by one of hell’s own ‘undersecretaries’ – a high-standing demon by the name of Screwtape, who is writing to his nephew, Wormwood, who has only just received his first ‘patient’. Throughout the letters, Screwtape passes to Wormwood techniques on temptation and basic devilry – all to secure the eternal damnation of this one soul in the courts of their â€Å"Father Below†.From his own morally-reversed ‘demonic’ perspective, Screwtape explains (to Wormwood) and unveils (to the reader) a new perspective on the spirituality of ‘everyday life’ – something that ordinary men and women are unaware of. He also shows a very vivid contrast between the ways of ‘The Father Below’ and ‘The Enemy’ (God). Of course, as a demon, he speaks of ‘The Enemy’ and his ways with disdain and disgust but to the Christian reader, these are mere affirmations of faith. The story ends as the worst of Screwtape’s own ‘bad scenarios’ is indeed realized – in the death of ‘the patient’ in an air-raid.As mentioned, there are often several levels of discourse to be considered to understand what is going on. In the case of The Screwtape Letters, I believe there are three: a novelist-reader level, narrator-narratee level and the character-character level (as illust rated below). Level 1 Addresser 1 (C. S. Lewis) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 1 (Reader) Level 2 Addresser 2 (Screwtape: narrator) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 2 (Narratee) Level 3 Addresser 3 (Screwtape: character) –> MESSAGE –> Addressee 3 (Wormwood: character)There are several interesting things to note in this story’s discourse structure. First of all, it can be argued that all 3 levels on the ‘Addresser’ side may collapse together whenever Screwtape speaks. As a demon, he obviously has a different purpose and aim with regards to the human race and his letters reflect that view. He even describes certain perceptions held by humans which are the direct result of demonic manipulation and propaganda. While he is not, in fact, addressing us humans, as narrator, it feels like he is talking directly to us – effectively fulfilling the role of narrator.Furthermore, even though he is a demon, he is able to give vivid and even impa ssioned descriptions of some of the Enemy’s (God) plans and intentions – to the point that it sounds like treachery on his part. This, I believe is a way in which the author’s own point of view may be heard through Screwtape himself. On the other hand, levels 1 and 2 of the ‘Addressee’ side collapse together. The role of narratee (the person who is addressed by the narrator) in this narrative is more an abstract rather than a solidified concept simply because of the very nature of the letters themselves – ‘private letters’ between uncle and nephew.As the reader reads, he or she takes up both book and role of narratee. In this way, the author is able to reel us into the diabolical mind. As the narrative continues, the more we know of how demons operate the more we ‘understand’ their side but it also further heightens our awareness of their perverseness and evil. For the most part, the book follows the discourse struct ure outlined above (first-person narration) but this is not always the case. However, the fact that a large part of the discourse structure is ‘collapsible’ further strengthens the argument that novels (and this particular story) are ideal for analyzing viewpoint.C. Analysis of the Extract Based on Short’s work (1996), there are several different linguistic means available to the author to indicate and manipulate point of view. In this portion of the paper, I will evaluate and account for significant instances of these indicators or lack thereof to substantiate the claim that viewpoint is a stand-out characteristic of this particular piece of text. 1 Schema-oriented language The study of cognitive science asserts that for comprehension to be achieved; relevant background knowledge must be available and activated. This ‘background knowledge’ is known as schema (i. e. generic information about objects, people, situations and events)(Semino, 2006, pg. 3 8). The author has the ability to manipulate viewpoint by choosing to describe things from one particular point of view – that is, schema-oriented language. The title of the book (The Screwtape Letters) as well as the continued use of the ‘letter’ format in each chapter would have clued the readers to the main viewpoint featured in the text – that of Screwtape. In our extract (the 28th letter), Screwtape himself reveals the disparity between our perception about how demons see things and how they really perceive things.The opening of the extract would have had readers activating and using their schema related to ‘demons’, ‘demonic activity’, ‘war’ and ‘death’. However as they continue reading, it becomes clear that the textual input actually deviates from their pre-existing expectations and causes schemas to be modified (Semino, 2006, pg. 40). This experience is what is referred to as ‘schema refres hment’ (Cook, 1994). The text begins to deviate from the norm when we read of Screwtape chastising his nephew for his naive way of perceiving ‘death’.In a strange move, he advises his nephew (lines 22-24) to pay close attention to the physical safety of his ‘patient’– because ‘if he dies, you lose him’ (line 25). Overall, this seems contradictory to our own conventional thinking about what demons think about ‘death’ and Screwtape is fully aware that it is. In lines 20-21, he explains to Wormwood that humans ‘tend to regard death as the prime evil and survival as the greatest good,’ and continues by citing that this is little more than the fruit of the devil’s own propaganda.Yet another part of the extract which seems to depart from our general assumptions regarding demonic activity is when Screwtape explains the opportunities that adversity, prosperity and long life bring to demons. Naturally, peop le are especially averse towards suffering of any kind – however, to think that prosperity lends an even better opportunity for the demon’s cause may come as a shock for readers – especially those that are not particularly verse in biblical teaching. Indeed, it is important to note that whether or not the reader experiences ‘schema refreshment’ is entirely dependent on his or her personal schemata.Perhaps one of the reasons why this book has been well-received by those in the Christian community is because they have the necessary schemata regarding demons and biblical teaching to help them grasp and appreciate the subtleties of C. S. Lewis’ satirical writing. One interesting thing to note is that Screwtape’s worst-case scenario does come to pass in the end—the patient does die and is thus forever loosed from the demon’s clutches in the same way that Screwtape had described – an air raid. Of course, Screwtape (the c haracter) was not actually intending to predict the future. Value-laden expressions Viewpoint may also be controlled and manipulated by the author through small-scale linguistic choices regarding how to describe particular elements of the story. A character’s viewpoint may be identified by highlighting their feelings or attitudes regarding something. For example, at the beginning of the chapter, Screwtape describes his nephew’s excitement of the oncoming air raids as being ‘infantile’ and that he is ‘singularly obtuse’ in not providing him with the data he really wants.He repeats, ‘do you not know’ (line 8-9) as if to further criticize his nephew for not referring to what should be common knowledge. Later, Screwtape says that he is ‘ashamed’ to even have to explain it (lines 7-8). In all, all these value-laden expressions indicate that Screwtape is upset over his nephew’s incompetence and lack of common sense. 3 Given VS new information In writing a story, the author must make certain assumptions regarding the type of schema or ‘common knowledge’ available to readers and use them to improve the communicative ability of his writing.Traditionally, whenever characters/1st person narrator/author want to introduce new information, they will need to use an indefinite article such as ‘a’. For example, in the extract, Screwtape mentions (for the first time) ‘a great human philosopher’ (line 53) into the letter-exchange. As the story continues, characters may make references to things and events that have already been mentioned in the past and thus refer to them using the definite article ‘the’ which is an indicator of given information.The extract, which is taken from the 28th chapter of the series, is actually a few chapters close to the end of the story and features a small summary of some of the things that Wormwood has tried. In lines 9-17, he refers to ‘the worldly friends’ that Wormwood has tried to introduce to his patients, ‘the girl’ (line 14) whom the patient has fallen in love with and ‘the various methods’ Wormwood has used to corrupt the patient’s spiritual life.All these refer to events and entities in earlier chapters of the book. It is possible that even events and entities that have not been mentioned earlier receive definite reference because the author believes it to be ‘general knowledge’ for readers or he is deliberately positioning readers in a position called ‘in medias res’ (or already ‘in the know’ (Short, 1996) – a technique which is used to further intensify the readers closeness to the events of the story.Take for instance, the references made by Screwtape regarding the characteristics that are being referred to as known characteristics of human mid-life crisis: ‘the long, dull, monotonous years of middle aged prosperity or†¦adversity’ (line 27), ‘the routine of adversity, the gradual decay of youthful loves and youthful hopes, the quiet despair of ever overcoming chronic temptations†¦, the drabness which we create in their lives and the inarticulate resentment†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (lines 27-32). 4 Indicators of character’s thoughts or perceptions The very nature of the extract’s format is indicative of whose thoughts and perceptions we are reading.However, this also means that everything that is told in the narrative is limited to the perceptions of one character. To this end, the author does give some clues as to the level of factivity of Screwtape’s views. In line 5, Screwtape writes that Wormwood ‘seems singularly obtuse’. While ‘seem’ is not a popularly recognized ‘factive’ verb, its inclusion in this sentences tell us that there is a level of uncertainty. In line 17, Screwtape says with some lev el of certainty that if the patient died on that night, ‘he will almost certainly be lost’ to them. And ironically, in the end, that is exactly what happened. Deixis One way in which the author may indicate particular or changing viewpoints is by using deictic expressions (i. e. , expressions which are indicative of the positioning of certain objects in relation to a deictic focal point – the speaker) which may come in the form of demonstrative determiners or pronouns (e. g. this and that), deictic adverbs (e. g. here and there), deictic verbs (e. g. come, go, etc. ) and even tense (e. g. now and then)(Short, 1996, pg. 269). There is relatively little use of deictic expressions to indicate changing viewpoints however, there are instances wherein deictic expressions indicate istance of certain objects from the position of the speaker. Consider lines 20-21 wherein Screwtape writes, â€Å"They, of course, do tend to regard death as the prime evil and survival as th e greatest good. † The use of the pronoun ‘they’ indicates Screwtape’s attitude and perception towards humans – that they are deictically remote from his ‘physical position’ and ‘psychological position’ (because they are not part of the conversation and do not share the same perception regarding death). However, this sentence may make readers feel a distinct sense that they are ‘eaves-dropping’.Furthermore, the author is talking about the readers (us), through the character/narrator in the third person – a round-about strategy that C. S. Lewis employs extensively for the purpose of teaching readers. Another type of deixis which may be found in the extract is the use of ‘social’ deixis which refers to the use of different naming terms that indicate differences or similarities in social status and standing. Just as in every chapter of the book, Screwtape insists in using the greeting ‘My Dear Wormwood’ and the closing remark ‘Your affectionate uncle’ which tells of the close relationship between the two demons.While he is superior in rank and does reserve the right to strongly criticize Wormwood, he seems to be doing so as a mentor to a beloved student – an uncle to a nephew. That is, if familial love is even possible between demons. 6 The sequencing and organization of actions and events In novels, the way in which events are sequenced and portrayed is a means through which we can see the impressions and viewpoint of a particular character. In fact, this way of psychologically sequencing events is often used to present the perceptions of the I-narrator/character during the time of the events.The extract does not attempt to recreate any moments but seems to either be recalling past events or giving the viewpoint of someone who sees the human life from a higher vantage point – allowing him to see a bigger picture. He cannot see the e ntire picture since he has neither hold nor distinct knowledge of the future. In conclusion to this segment, let us move from analyzing viewpoint simply from the point of view of spatial-temporal viewpoint onto examining viewpoint in terms of ‘ideology’ or ‘world-view’ – the generalized mind-set our outlook that a person, often a group representative, on the world. Ideological viewpoint In a way, there is no better, simpler or more logical way to be able to see simple complexity of C. S. Lewis’ use and manipulation of viewpoint in The Screwtape Letters than to analyze it from an ideological standpoint. It is interesting all in itself to find a human attempting to realistically enlighten readers about the truth behind human life from the point of view of a demon especially when that human is an unabashed and staunch follower of the Christian faith and makes no concessions regarding his own ‘ideological point of view’.Screwtape, in being a demon, obviously sees the world differently than humans or the good/God side. Human life is important to him only so far as it gives ‘his side’ the opportunity to secure yet another soul for the fires of hell. Also, being a higher-ranked demon with more experience on the field, Screwtape’s ideological point of view is different from that of Wormwood in that he has the benefit of resources and information that his inexperienced, first-time tempter nephew would not have access to. Thus, as was noted in the extract, he is not excited about the same things Wormwood is excited about – e. . the war, death, etc. and he is rather forthright with the evaluations, judgments and advice he passes onto his nephew. However, Screwtape does have the propensity towards describing the Enemy’s position in quasi-fashion. As a demon, he is supposed to be in opposition to the Enemy however whenever he describes the Enemy, he becomes a puppet for the author to spe ak of the truth thus sounding like a completely different person at times. It is ironic because Screwtape himself does not agree with all the things that he says. For example in the last two chapters of the etter (lines 40 – 65), he describes how the Enemy protects humans from the full brunt of demonic temptation by exercising His sovereign power over time and even them and his plan for humans in heaven. In his own demonic way, he sings praises to the work of the Enemy. D. Evaluations regarding literary analysis On the whole, it would seem that I have been able to support my initial interpretation regarding this piece of text. I have been able to describe the viewpoint of my extract from a macro and micro view as well as have found instances of most, if not all, of the linguistic indicators of viewpoint.However, there are limitations that I foresee both in my attempt and the practice and process of literary and stylistic analysis in general. First of all, for the purpose of m anageability, I could not carry out an extensive analysis on my chosen piece of text. I was restricted to the analysis of an extract. In addition, I had to choose to concentrate on only one aspect of the text which means that I could not take into account other aspects of the text that may have given me a more rounded interpretation of the text.There is a great possibility that my objectivity in analyzing the text has been compromised from the very beginning since I began with an initial interpretation regarding the text. Furthermore, my personal schemata regarding the subject matter affects the way that I interpret texts and therefore the output of my literary criticism and analysis; making it almost impossible to arrive at a completely unbiased and objective analysis. Being a Christian myself, I share the same ‘ideological viewpoint’ as C. S. Lewis and interpreted the text with the same assumption.This is not to say that my beliefs are actually on the same page as the author’s and truthfully, there is no way of knowing. This means that certain aspects of the text that appears outstanding to me may only be significant for me personally. Finally, an important thing to note is that stylistic analysis is in not a ‘static’ output but may be subject to change in relation to the availability and status of resources available to analysts at any given time. As Short admits, ‘no analysis is entirely objective it he sense that it is true for all time. ’ With new forms of analysis come new findings and new or modified interpretations (1996, pg. 58). E. Conclusions on literary analysis While some may argue that the systematic way in which literary analysis studies literary texts may hinder analysts from simply partaking of the joy of reading, this has certainly not been the case for me. The Screwtape Letters has always been one of my favourite books of all times. After having analyzed one chapter, specifically with point of v iew as a theme of analysis, I now have a renewed sense of respect and admiration for the narrative skill of its creator and with the complexity of the creation itself.Overall, I believe that I have done my best to attempt to systematically and objectively analyze the text and have managed to come to some conclusions that are both expected and unexpected. And while I am sure that there are certainly some aspects I have missed out on or even overworked, I am quite satisfied with my attempt and hope to continue putting the practices of literary analysis to practice to enhance and deepen my understanding of other literary works of interest. References Cook, G. (1994).Discourse and Literature: The Interplay of Form and Mind, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Lewis, C. S. (1942). Chapter 28 The Screwtape Letters. C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. Semino, E. (2006). Reading C: Cognitive poetics. Chapter 1 Literature and creativity in English in Goodman, S. and O’Halloran, K. (eds) The art of Eng lish: literary creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, pg. 37 – 40 Short,M. (1996). Chapter 9 Fictional prose and point of view. Exploring the Language of Poems, Prose and Plays, London: Longman. pg. 255 – 279 Short,M. (1996).Chapter 12 Fictional prose and point of view. Exploring the Language of Poems, Prose and Plays, London: Longman. pg. 354 – 358 Short, M. (2005). Topic 8 – Discourse structure and point of view. Ling 131 Language & Style is a Stylistics course. Retrieved on December 2008. Retrieved from: http://www. lancs. ac. uk/fass/projects/stylistics/topic8/begin8. htm ———————– Addresser 1 (C. S. Lewis) MESSAGE Addressee 1 (Reader) Addresser 2 (Screwtape: narrator) MESSAGE Addressee 2 (Narratee) Addresser 3 (Screwtape: character) MESSAGE Addressee 3 (Wormwood: character)

U.s. Constitution Vs. Georgia Constitution - 859 Words

U.S. Constitution vs. Georgia Constitution Bill of Rights A Bill of Rights recognizes and lists the rights individuals have and protects those rights from governmental interference, unless of course there is a valid reason for government action to take place. While the Bill of Rights for the Georgia Constitution and the United States Constitution do just that, they do have some distinctive similarities and differences. For example, the major difference I see is the fact that the Georgia Bill of Rights is found in Article one and consists of four sections and forty paragraphs, while the United States Bill of Rights consist of the fist ten amendments of the Constitution. This means that the United States Constitution did not originally list the rights of individuals, until anti-federalists fought hard enough to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution. Another difference is that fact that the Georgia Bill of Rights is more protective of individual liberties than the changes made to the Constitution of the United States. For exa mple, I saw that some freedoms such as the â€Å"Freedom of Conscience†, which can be found in paragraph three of section on of the Georgia Constitution, are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. There are many other differences considering the length difference of the two Bill of Rights; however, both documents clearly uphold the reasoning behind having a Bill of Rights. Both Bill of Rights list constitutional protection for individuals, and givesShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between The Federal Government And The States1137 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment and the states is well stable. The Federal government has powers given by the Constitution as well powers or privileges are given to the states which promotes a balance between the two so that our country is not ruled under one specific party or group. 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Essay on Lowering the Legal Drinking Age - 2090 Words

Here in the United States, there is a law that prohibits youth 21 years of age and younger not to drink any alcohol beverages. However, in this country, anyone who turns 18 can sign up and be in the armed forces to protect the country. In the year 2001, war broke out between the Middle East and the United States and thousands of men and women were deployed to the Middle East to deal with the problem. While they were over there, the soldiers would witness many things that civilians could never dream of. In the book â€Å"An Angel in Hell† by Ryan A. Conklin, he stated he would always wake up hoping that that day was not the last day he would be on this Earth. He was always on high alert while on patrols, dodging bullets and shooting his own†¦show more content†¦If the drinking age does return to the age of 18 years, alcohol will become part of the normal lifestyle like it is in Europe. Young adults in Europe grew up with alcohol in their lifestyle and are allowed to drink at the age of 18. They probably have more knowledge and education about alcohol than adults at the age of 21 years do in the United States (Drinking Age ProCon.org). Even though the driving age in Europe is much higher than it is in the United States, the young adults in Europe still have access to things like mopeds, go carts and other vehicles that have motors that could cause harm to themselves or others. Many people in the United States such as politicians, scientists and parents believe that the current drinking age of 21 years of age is the perfect age for the law to be because of the consequences alcohol can have on the body as well as other people around a person who drink too much alcohol. However there are many soldiers who are in the armed forces disagree with the drinking age and want the law to be changed in the future. However, one army wife, Melody Munroe who was interviewed by CNN, she states that â€Å"[†¦] the drinking age should be raised to at least 25† (Wilson, Jacque). Munroe has seen many younger soldiers who take advantage of drinking on base and would show up to work the next day hung-over and unable to perform tasks. She believes that setting theShow MoreRelatedLowering The Legal Drinking Age903 Words   |  4 Pageshelp myself get a better understanding about how others feel about lowering the legal drinking age in the United States and to bett er understand what role alcohol plays in people’s lives. The first question I asked for in my survey, was what the participant’s age was. I used this question to see if there was a difference on how different generations felt towards lowering the legal drinking age. I was expecting more people over the age of 25 to take the quiz because I didn’t know if younger adults wouldRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age857 Words   |  4 PagesAs we know, the United States has the highest drinking age in the world. By 1988 the entire U.S had adopted the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act, which set the drinking age to twenty-one. However, in 1920 the United States banned the sale, production, importation, and transportation of alcohol. This era known as the Prohibition sparked the popularity of hidden underground bars and events. The Prohibition Era is a prime example of how people did anything to intake alcohol and eventually this ledRead MoreLowering The Legal Dri nking Age1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe concerns about safety involving alcohol, including alcohol-related fatalities, â€Å"binge drinking†, and long-term health effects, will not be compromised by lowering the legal drinking age to nineteen in the United States. Activists who wish to raise the legal minimum age frequently discuss the ways that driving while intoxicated endangers countless lives every day in the United States, and is an increasing problem in model Europe as well. However, drunk driving increases will secrecy, not withRead MoreLowering The Legal Drinking Age1933 Words   |  8 PagesLowering of the Legal Drinking Age Research Paper Adults under 21 are able to vote, sign contracts, serve on juries, and enlist in the military, but are told that they are not mature enough to have a beer?, said Ruth C. Engs, a professor of Applied Health Sciences at Indiana University (Engs). No matter what is done, teenagers and young adults all over America are going to drink if they want to. The question is, why can t they start legally drinking when they enter adulthood? An alternative toRead MoreLowering The Drinking Legal Age872 Words   |  4 Pageshas its limit age that allows people to drink Alcoholic beverage. In the United States of America, most people are able to drink and purchase alcohol at the legal age of twenty-one. Unlike the United States, most countries around the world allow their citizen to drink alcohol under the age of 21. Many American wants the U.S. government to minimize the drinking legal (MLDA) from 21 to 18 so they will be similar to other countries around the world that allowed people to drink at t he age of 18. DavidRead MoreLowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesBeer For Everyone! The debate of lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has been going on for decades in the United States. Those opposed, argue that the current MLDA is not efficient and counterproductive (Engs 1). One study indicated that thousands of lives under the age of twenty-one are lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individualRead MoreAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age1900 Words   |  8 PagesAlcohol: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Karita Lockwood Professor O’Quinn COM 323 October 29, 2012 Introduction Alcohol is a drink that is made from corn, barley or a beverage containing ethyl. There is currently an ongoing debate as to if the legal age limit for alcohol consumption should be lowered. Despite the dangers, everyday in the United States more than 13,000 children and teens consume alcohol. The age range between eleven and eighteen is the most influential period when youthsRead MoreLowering Legal Drinking Age Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Half the United States population starts drinking at the age of 14.When you are 18 you have privileges like joining the army. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) You can go to war and die for your country but you still can not enjoy an ice cold beer. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) How is being 21 different from being 18? How does three more years of not drinking make you mature enough to drink? The longer you drink the more you start toRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of uns afe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreFavors for and Against Lowering the Legal Drinking Age771 Words   |  4 PagesFactors In Favor of and Against Khimley Young Critical Thinking and Problem Solving/ Hum 200 AOS Instructor Dr. Steven Mathews October 24, 2012 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18: Yea or Nay Argument in Favor of Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The age of 18 is a transitional point in life. An 18-year=old can vote, marry, enlist in the military and buy cigarettes. To some it’s absurd that an 18-year-old can vote politicians into office and fight wars for the country but cannot

Essay on Capital Purchase Justification - 892 Words

HCA-240 XXX XXX @)!# XXXXXXXXXX XXXX Keeping Current and Saving Lives Medical technology is advancing rapidly with each passing minute. It is becoming more urgent for health care facilities to invest in equipment that is current and state of the art. Behind these advancements are proven statistics that certain equipment is a necessity when diagnosing and treating patients. We, as health care workers, owe it to our patients to have the best possible equipment in our facilities. Aside from non-melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer has become the most common cancer among women in the United States. Breast cancer does not discriminate. It is one of the†¦show more content†¦There is also an unmatched level of speed and versatility when operating the MAGNETOM (Magnetom espree -, 2013). When making a purchase to improve on many areas of operations there are always factors to take into consideration. There will be a great amount of capital expenditure for this equipment; however the potential for higher return on investment is remarkable. The initial cost of purchasing the MAGNETOM is approximately $ 1 million. There will be an additional cost of $500,000 to operate and maintain the machine. These costs will be reimbursed within the first eight months of extensive utilization if the all marketing for the machine is on point. Since we are currently paying a technician to operate our out of date machinery, there is no reason why this prediction cannot become reality. There will also be an offset of income inherited by the lack of errors made by the technicians after they have trained for the new machine . (Magnetom espree -, 2013) Some other factors of operation to look at are scan times. There will be a significant amount of time saved when using this new piece of technology. As we know, time is money in any business and the amount of time saved will be viable in contributing to more income in other departments. Another point to look at is the enhanced imaging quality. So many times we are losing time and money on poor image results with our current machine. The quality of enhancedShow MoreRelatedThe Capital Justification Expenditure Is Vital For The Return On Investment Of A Per Provider For Electronic Medical Records1224 Words   |  5 PagesIndicating the capital justification expenditures is vital for the return on investment of a Per Provider for Electronic Medical Record Implementation. Several key aspects are necessary to mention of the amount and type of expenditure, attainment of key decision criteria, and detailed financial analysis. Hospitals, clinics, and ambulatory care settings even have to indicate important capital expenditures. Factoring in risk is always crucial to consider as well as physician acceptance, competitionRead MoreSummary Of Hard And Soft Roi1668 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Hard and Soft ROI In summation, return on investments (ROI) and its historical roots involving the Du Pont system have an extensive history which paved the way for cost accounting, financial accounting, and capital accounting. The (ROI) and (ROE) formulas are prominent in accounting, textbooks, and finance as well as health care professionals who use these formulas. Then, hard and soft benefits of projects vary depending on the for-profit and not-for-profit organization. The soft benefitRead MoreThe Board Of Trustees. Harris Memorial Hospital And . Harris1146 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the justification of soft costs and the financial benefits associated with the incorporation of EHRs. Hence, there is a requirement for EHR investment, I would like to explain the steps for justification of ROI soft return with an example and the capital acquisition required to support. This will eventually help you track the appropriate methods in expanding the overall potential of implementing EHRs. Usually, soft Return on Investments (ROI) is one of the challenging justification that anyRead MoreAn Electronic Health Record System Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s meeting we will discuss the justification of the capital expenditure. Any acquisition of capital needs to equate to a feasible and profitable return on investment for stakeholders. While this holds true in any industry, not just healthcare, the implementation of an electronic health record system must be critically analyzed, as the purchase is a huge undertaking. We can look closely at a cost-benefit analysis of an electronic medical record in an ambulatory primary care setting to getRead MoreThe And Capital Maintenance Doctrine1166 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The English Company Law has an essential principle called the capital maintenance doctrine, which dictates that a corporation must receive appropriate consideration for issued shares, and those once issued cannot be repaid back to its members, except under certain circumstances. The CA 2006 made numerous significant changes to the capital maintenance rules, hence relaxing several statutory requirements. Capital Maintenance Doctrine The general principle of this doctrine were createdRead MoreEssay about Capital Justification935 Words   |  4 PagesCapital Purchase Justification Introduction According to the hospital’s five-year plan, an investment in capital equipment should boost the quality of services offered at the hospital. 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Now the basis for all future transactions relating to this building would also be at its cost, i.e. $12Read MorePad 505 Assignment 3 Presenting the Budget1154 Words   |  5 PagesPAD 505 ASSIGNMENT 3 PRESENTING THE BUDGET To Purchase this tutorial visit following link http://wiseamerican.us/product/pad-505-assignment-3-presenting-budget/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@WISEAMERICAN.US PAD 505 ASSIGNMENT 3 PRESENTING THE BUDGET Due Week 8 and worth 300 points Refer the Scenario for Assignments 1–5. Prepare the financial plan and budget justification proposal. The agency is contracted to work with New York City on several capital projects. To proceed with negotiations, an analysisRead MoreTaxes On Land And Property Essay936 Words   |  4 Pagesits effect on, equity, housing prices, and the economy. 2. Capital Gains Taxes in the United States The current federal top marginal tax rate on long-term capital gains in the United States is a total of 23.8 percent (20 percent plus a 3.8 percent tax to fund the Affordable Care Act) for taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes of $200,000 ($250,000 married filing jointly) or more. In addition, states and some localities levy taxes on capital gains income, which range from zero percent in states withRead MoreLease Memo1136 Words   |  5 Pagescapitalizing and give a recommendation for XYZ Company. Lease Definitions A lease can be either capital or operating. It is considered to be a capitalized lease when all the benefits and risks of ownership are transferred to the lessee. To be a capitalized lease it must be noncancelable and meet one of the four following criteria in group 1. The lease must transfer ownership, include a bargain purchase option, have lease terms of at least 75% of the economic life, or present value of lease payments

Cellular Organelles Six

Question: The six cellular organelles that are likely to be seen by the biologist who is seeing an epithelial intestinal cell under a microscope? Explain. Answer: The six cellular organelles that are likely to be seen by the biologist who is seeing an epithelial intestinal cell under a microscope are: Mitochondria: one of the main function of this double membrane bound organelle is the production of Adenosine Tri-Phosphate or ATP. Oxygen acts as the ultimate receptor of the electron in the electron transport chain ETC pathway that is present on the membrane of mitochondria. Another main function of mitochondria is the production of heat which is the result of mitochondrial uncoupling or proton leak where the unharnessed potential energy of the proton electrochemical gradient gets released as heat. It is also known as the power house of the cell. Other functions include storage of calcium ions, cell signaling by the help of reactive oxygen species ROS, regulating the membranes potential difference, synthesis of steroids and some hormonal signaling like estrogen due to the presence of mtERs (Davis 2012). Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is an extension of the Plasma membrane that extends from the periphery towards the center of the cell close to the Nucleus. It is divided into two regions. The first is known as the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum whose function is a synthesis of Lipids, Phospholipids, and Steroids. It is also known to form the Golgi apparatus after cellular reproduction.The other side is known as the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum because of the presence of small dot-like structures known as Ribosomes. Proteins are synthesized in ribosomes from where it is transferred to the RER for splicing, folding, and packaging. The accuracy of the protein folding is achieved due to the presence of Chaperones and Chaperonins, which are a special type of proteins used in protein folding that includes another class of proteins known as the HSP70. Only correctly folded proteins are transported from the ER to Golgi bodies (GB) and if there is any unfolded protein it triggers a stress response in the ER that is known as unfolded protein response (Alberts et al. 2013). Golgi Apparatus: Its main function is to modify the proteins that it receives from the RER. The modification is done by glycosylation or phosphorylation at specific regions of the folded proteins. Transportation of protein, lipids, and cholesterol molecules includes intracellular transport, intercellular transport as well as extracellular transport (Kierszenbaum and Tres 2015). Secretory Vesicles: It is a double membrane-bound cellular organelle produced from the Golgi bodies that may contain proteins, lipids or fats and are directed to a particular place that is already determined by the Golgi bodies that can be either intra, inter or extra cellular (Davis 2012). Nucleus: this membrane-bound cellular organelle is usually situated at the center of the cell that is the site of DNA synthesis. Its main function is to replicate the DNA during cellular reproduction that determines the fate of a cell. The formation of mRNA by transcription of DNA and transportation of this mRNA to the ribosomes through nuclear pores is also an important function. Another important function is control of gene expression and its regulation (Alberts et al. 2013). Lysosome: Lysosomes and various vesicles are produced from the Golgi apparatus and present inside the cell (Davis 2012). The plasma membrane is the outermost covering of an animal cell. It is selectively permeable which means that some and not all molecules can pass through the plasma membrane (Kukulski et al. 2012). The diagram given in the question shows the phospholipids as molecule A and the Trans-membrane protein as molecule B. The head of the phospholipid consist of glycerol and phosphate whereas the tail consists of a fatty acid chain. Due to the presence of glycerol and phosphate group the head region becomes polar and hence it is hydrophilic (Zhou et al. 2015). The tail region, on the other hand, contains only hydrocarbons due to which it remains non-polar and hence becomes hydrophobic. This property gives help in the creation of a lipid bi-layer that ultimately forms the plasma membrane. When charged particles like ions or any polar substance try to enter the cell, they get attached to the head region of the plasma membrane but they cannot enter the cell as the middle of the lipid bi-layer is hydrophobic. The only way for them to enter the cell is by the help of channel proteins. These are proteins runs across the lipid bi-layer and has a specialized structure. The trans-membrane protein is an alfa-helix folded protein which has a central hydrophilic core due to which it can remain fully embedded in the tail part of the phospholipid and through them the polar molecule may enter the cell. To enter the alfa-helix protein, there are some conditions that must be considered such as a size of the molecule and its polarity. If all are in the favorable region, then the molecule may enter the cell otherwise not. Non-polar molecules need to reach a typical type of proteins known as integral proteins that runs across the lipid bi-layer as the non-polar molecules get repelled from the surface of the cell membrane because of the presence of polar heads of the phospholipids. These proteins do not run completely through the membrane but is half embedded in the membrane, and they can b e found on both sides of the cell. The non-polar molecules get attached to these proteins and reach the hydrophobic part of the cell membrane by diffusion. Once it reaches there, it starts to search for another integral protein that opens in the inner part of the cell or the outer part depending on its target point. Once that protein is found the non-polar protein gets transported to its required destination (Chang et al. 2013). A cheek cell in hypotonic (weak) salt solution A hypotonic solution is a solution where the amount of water is more outside the cell than inside the cell. When a cheek cell is placed inside a hypotonic salt solution due to difference in concentration of water across the cell membrane water will start rushing into the cell. This process of movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. Ultimately the cell will start swelling up and then burst to release its DNA if the difference of water concentration is very high ( Rickard et al. 2014). Glucose moving into a cell after a meal Glucose molecule moves into a cell after a meal by the process of active transport. It is the movement of the glucoce molecule across the cell membrane from the region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. Cellular energy is used up for moving the glucose molecule against the gradient. Accumulation of high concentrations of glucose molecules occurs that the cell needs. The glucose molecules moves against the concentration gradient in order to enter the cell. Specific transmemebrane carrier proteins are involved in this process (Kaback 2012). White blood cells taking in streptococcus bacteria Bulk transport is the process by which large or bulk quantities of materials move out or into the cells. Bulk transport can be of two types, namely, enodcytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf materials from outside in bulk quantity and forms a sac inside of the cell. The common example is white blood cells taking in bacteria like streptococcus (Jeon, 2013). High oxygen level in lungs High oxygen level in lungs are due to the process of diffusion. Oxygen diffuses into the lungs and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the lungs. The exchange surfaces on the lungs helps in this process. Diffusion works down a concentration gradient and a steeper concentration gradient helps in faster diffusion. The concentration between the blood and the exchange transport must be steep for better diffusion. Carbon dioxide is breathed out and deoxygenated blood comes to the exchange surface and this means that oxygen is diffused inside in a rapid fashion. This gives rise to high oxygen level in the lungs (Phillips et al. 2012). Salivary glands secreting saliva Salivary glands secrets saliva by the process of exocytosis of the acinar cell protein storage granules (Jeon 2013). References Alberts, B., Bray, D., Hopkin, K., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. and Walter, P., 2013.Essential cell biology. Garland Science. Chang, C.L., Hsieh, T.S., Yang, T.T., Rothberg, K.G., Azizoglu, D.B., Volk, E., Liao, J.C. and Liou, J., 2013. Feedback Regulation of Receptor-Induced Ca 2+ Signaling Mediated by E-Syt1 and Nir2 at Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junctions.Cell reports,5(3), pp.813-825. Davis, L., 2012.Basic methods in molecular biology. Elsevier. Jeon, K. (2013).International review of cell and molecular biology. Waltham, Mass.: Academic Press. Kaback, H.R., 2012. Active transport: Membrane vesicles, bioenergetics, molecules, and mechanisms.Bacterial Energetics: A Treatise on Structure and Function,12, p.151. Kierszenbaum, A.L. and Tres, L., 2015.Histology and cell biology: an introduction to pathology. Elsevier Health Sciences. Kukulski, W., Schorb, M., Kaksonen, M. and Briggs, J.A., 2012. Plasma membrane reshaping during endocytosis is revealed by time-resolved electron tomography.Cell,150(3), pp.508-520. Lee, E., Koskimaki, J.E., Pandey, N.B. and Popel, A.S., 2013. Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in breast tumor xenografts and lymph nodes by a peptide derived from transmembrane protein 45A.Neoplasia,15(2), pp.112-IN6. Phillips, R., Kondev, J., Theriot, J. and Garcia, H., 2012.Physical biology of the cell. Garland Science. Rickard, A.C., Smith, J.E., Newell, P., Bailey, A., Kehoe, A. and Mann, C., 2014. Salt or sugar for your injured brain? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of mannitol versus hypertonic sodium solutions to manage raised intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury.Emergency Medicine Journal,31(8), pp.679-683. s-cool.co.uk, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/cells-and-organelles/test-it/exam-style-questions [Accessed 13 Jan. 2016]. Zhou, Y., Wong, C.O., Cho, K.J., Van Der Hoeven, D., Liang, H., Thakur, D.P., Luo, J., Babic, M., Zinsmaier, K.E., Zhu, M.X. and Hu, H., 2015. Membrane potential modulates plasma membrane phospholipid dynamics and K-Ras signaling.Science,349(6250), pp.873-876.